India Advances Development of H5N1 Vaccine Candidate

Current Affairs National

Posted by newadmin on 2025-02-07 09:31:03 |

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The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is taking a leading role in developing a human vaccine candidate against the highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1), a virus that has recently posed significant threats to both animal and human health in India. In light of recent outbreaks, including those in 2021, 2023, and 2024, which predominantly affected poultry and wild birds, the ICMR is calling on eligible organizations and manufacturers to collaborate in this essential research and development endeavor.

Avian influenza H5N1 is a severe strain of bird flu that has caused substantial disruptions to the poultry industry, with considerable economic impacts. Moreover, due to the zoonotic nature of the virus, public health concerns have risen, particularly regarding the potential for human infections. While human cases have been rare in recent years, the virus's ability to mutate and potentially lead to sustained human-to-human transmission remains a significant global health risk. The virus has a high mortality rate, with a case fatality rate exceeding 50%, and can cause severe symptoms such as fever, respiratory distress, and multi-organ failure.

Despite no recent human cases being reported in India, the frequent interactions between humans and animals in poultry farming continue to pose a risk. Global instances of human infections underscore the importance of ongoing vigilance and preparedness. As part of its efforts to protect against potential outbreaks, India has implemented active surveillance systems and ensured access to medical countermeasures, while continuing to focus on preventing human infections.

The development of a human vaccine is seen as a critical step in mitigating the risks posed by H5N1 outbreaks. The vaccine would aim to protect vulnerable populations and improve preparedness for future pandemics. The ICMR is exploring both mRNA and traditional vaccine platforms to create a vaccine that is effective in countering the virus. Alongside vaccine development, the ICMR is also prioritizing public awareness campaigns to ensure the broader population understands the risks and preventive measures necessary for managing H5N1 outbreaks.

The ICMR’s National Institute of Virology (ICMR-NIV), located in Pune, is a key institution involved in this research. With its well-characterized strains of HPAI H5N1, the institute’s expertise is critical in developing effective vaccines and enhancing India's overall pandemic preparedness.

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